Coke oven with horizontal regenerators



March Z8, E95@ G. PADGETT com: ovEN WITH HORIZONTAL REGENERAToRs DNN @Lw 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Mam@ W M vllt m umm m W UNM .uxmml ..IHWM l, M .wm

Filed Jan. 7, 1946 March 28, E95@ e. PADGETT COKE OVEN WITH HORIZONTAL REGENERATORS Filed Jan. 7, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 3mm/m @mg Pngc' March Z, E95@ G. PADGETYT COKE OVEN WITH HORIZONTAL REGENERATORS Filed Jan. 7, 194e' Mm mmf@ G M 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Mar. 28, 1950 COKE OVEN WITH nomzoN'raL nEGENERArons Grady Padgett, Beaver, ra..

Application January 7, 1946, Serial No. .639,560

Claims. (CH. 202-146) l lThis invention relates to improvements in regenerative vertical coke ovens heated by horizontalfflues, .and has for a primary object the arrangement. of veach horizontal flue separate from theother flues, and provided at each of its ends ,with'vindividual regenerators for alternate use in supplying heated air and gas to the opposite ends of the ue.

-. In my companion application, Serial No. 492,915, V`iled. June l30, 1943, now Patent No. 2,434,862, Ihave .dislzzlcqsedV a vertical coke oven with a `plurality of spaced horizontal ues receiving heated -air and gas fromthe same regenerators arranged verticallyat the ends of the fiues for substantially the entire height of the oven. The present invention does away with such large vertical regenerators, and enables use of individual regenerators at each .end of each horizontal flue whereinthe iow of air and gases is more readily and more accurately controlled at various rates of combustion. The present arrangement also provides a combustion system which will produce uniform temperatures over very long horizontal iues and thus makes possible the construction of coke ovens larger than have yet been built,

wherein pressure diierentials and labor costs may be kept unusually low.`

Another object of 'this invention is the provision of regenerators of comparatively small height wherein air and gases travel in a wave-like movement in a substantially horizontal direction.

A further object is the division of individual regenerators into upper and lower sections, one section kdelivering heated primary air or mixed air and gas to the adjacent end of its horizontal combustion ilue, and the other section delivering secondary air or gaseous mixtures at a point or points along the iiue spaced from the flue extremities.

ment of control means conveniently near the ends of the coke ovens and clear of the charging and discharging mechanisms, whereby primary and secondary air or air and gas mixtures may be accurately controlled at all rates of combustion and with various fuel gases. p

A further object of this invention is the provision of a plurality of superimposed regenerators at the ends of the combustion ues wherein iref clay slabs are used in the cooler zones of the regenerators, particularly in the horizontal partitions, and silica slabs with their greater expansion are used throughout the walls of combustion A further obj ect ofthe invention is the arrangev 2 suitable expansion joints wall construction.

A further object of the invention is the provision of a method of combustion, particularly useful with horizontal ilues in regenerative vertical coke ovens, wherein rich gases are diluted with waste gases in the combustion ilues to slow combustion and permit the heat of the ilame to be spread over a larger area. The introduction of the rich gas by injection at one end of the ue is utilized to draw the waste gases from the regenerators adjacent the opposite end of such ue for use as a diluent.

Various other objects and meritorious features of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like parts throughout the several figures, and wherein:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a battery of two coke ovens embodying -my invention, the left half being in plan view and the right half in horizontal section taken substantially on line being included in the A-A of Fig. 2;

ilues and in the hotter zones of the regenerators,

Rig. 2 is a diagrammaticillustration of such battery, the left half being in side elevation and the right half in vertical section, taken substantially on the line B--B of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal vertical sec--l tion through one end of a. horizontal combustion ilue and associated elements;

Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section through the combustion ilue and associated distributing flues, taken substantially on line C-C of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a vertical cross section through the regenerator at one end of the combustion ue. taken substantially on line D-D of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a detail lperspective view showing a multi-walled ltile used in the regenerators;

Fig. 7 is a vertical longitudinal section through a modified arrangement of combustion ilue and associated elements taken substantially on line G-Gof Fig. 8;

Fig. 8 is a composite horizontal section through 1 the -modication of Fig. 7, the left half being taken substantially along the line E-E and the right half substantially along the line F-F of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 isan enlarged detail vertical section showing the gas injector nozzle mounting, and Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail section through the nozzle tip.

The battery illustrated in the drawings com.

prises a plurality o! coking chambers I2 and Il with Walls tapered from top to bottom in the cusdividing the chamber into two substantially equal parts. It will be appreciated that more than one vertically extending' transverse strengthening .partition may be arranged in leach coking chamber at points spaced longitudinally along the length, of the chamber as desired. The coking chambers i2' and I4 are charged through charging doors (not shown) at the top of the vchambers vandV coke withdrawn from the bottom of each 8l are arranged adjacent thetop of each combustion flue 2l, being separated from each other by a vertical partition 42 and from the combustion chamber of the flue by a horizontalpartition 44. In this manner a combustion system is provided which will produce substantially uniform temperatures over long iiues. .Combustion takes place along an entire half of the combustion flue 20, this action being facilitated by introduction of gas and Extending horizontally along each side of each choking charnberv I2 and I4 are a series of superimposed combustlon ilues 2l (Figs. 1 4) At each end oi' each combustion flue 2l is arranged a regenerator 2 2, herein shown as divided by vertical and horizontal partitions into pairs of upper'` and lower sections 22A, 22B, 22C and 22D respectively, each containing several horizontally spaced multi-walled tile units ll (Figs. 3 and 6) over and through which pass waste gases from the combustion ilues 2l for heating the tiles and alternately, with periodic reversals, air and lean gases. divided into primary and secondary streams (Fig. 5) which absorb heat from the tiles en route to the combustion iiues 2U. v

Air or lean gas is admitted to controlled through regulating valves 26, separateldistance from the fiues 2li, and exteriorly of headers 32 through which air and lean gases reach ports 24. With my present arrangementJt is possible to mount the control valves at the ends -from the coking chambers. It will berunderstood that the drawings, except for the diagrammatic showings in Figs. 1 and 2, are limited to one end of the battery, the structures at the other end being substantially duplicates of those shown.

When heating with lean gas, such gas passes through valved ports 24 into two of the regenerator chambers, as 22A and 22B (Fig. 5) and air enters through the valved ports 24 of the other two of the regenerator chambers, as 22C and 22D, of each combustion flue then being used. Both the air and lean gas are heated as they pass over the tile units 30 in wave-like movements, as will be hereinafter more fully described. At the inner ends of each regenerator 22 the primary air from one lower generator section, as 22D (Fig. 5), mixes with the heated primary gas from the other lower regenerator section, as 22A, inclined passages 34 (Figs. 1 and 5) converging to lead the mixture into the combustion flue 2l, and combustion begins.

Air and lean gas are also passed in a similar manner over the heated tiles 3|! in the upper or secondary regenerator chambers, as 22B and 22C, but such secondary ingredients are not permitted to mix at the end of combustion ilue 20, as do the primary ingredients. Instead, the secondary air and secondary gas are led through independent ducts I8 and I8 respectively (Fig. 4) to a port or ports 4l in the combustion flue 20 spaced a connue.

the regenerator I 'Y sections through ports 24, the areas of which are V1y turnableeachby its handle 28, mounted at a v air separately at ports 48 spaced from the admission end of the combustion flue, thus retarding combustion until the last port delivers its air. On

reversal every ten to thirty minutes the other halt of the combustion iiue isl uniformly heated.

It should be understood that lean gas is not-used when rich gas is used, and vice versa. When rich gas is used, air is admitted through all valved ports 24 into all regenerator sections 22A, 22B, 22C and 22D, and rich gas is admitted through a single pipe 48 (Fig. 5) directly into the inlet end of combustion ilue 20. In this case, the combustion is delayed and extended by a deficiency oi air until the llame reaches the secondary ports 4l and suiiicient air for complete combustion is supplied. When the remaining combustible reaches port it is diluted with the products of the primary combustion so that flame propagation is retarded and the heat of combustion thus spread over an extended portion of combustion ilue 2l. The rich gas may have some diluent. such as waste or stack gases or steam .added at the flue near the point where the gas enters. Such dilution pre- -vents carbon formation in the'pipes 4l as well as I have shown in Figs. 7-10 a modied construction particularly useful with my improved method ofdiluting the rich gas intake by entralning the i waste gases from the regenerators then at the delivery end of the flues. This modification and method will now be described. lhe rich gas is injected into the combustion iiues through a nozzle 48 mounted substantially as shown in Figs. '1 9 in the ends of the ilues 2l. Rich gal is supplied through suitable pipe lines Il at one end or the nozzle and the gas is injected through the removable tip 4IA (Fig. 10) so as to draw waste gases from the opposite end of the combustion flue, such waste gases passing through the upper return duct l2 across the flue and being entrained by the fast moving gases from the jet 4I into the lower duct 54, a Venturi eiect being secured. as at 48B (Fig. 9), to increase the iiow of waste gases. Entering the combustion ilue 2l, the rich gas from jet 48 meets the heated air emerging through passages 34 after travel through regenerators 22, and the mixing of waste gases adjacent the same location eliminates the formation of carbon in the ducts carrying the gas and also retards the combustion, permitting the heat of the flame to be spread over a larger area.

Inspection ilues 5I are arranged at opposite ends of ilue 2l for observation of the combustion, and the valves for control of admission of air and gases changes as desired to secure maximum eiliciency with various gases. The usual reversing mechanism will cut ci! the gas at one end of the oven and turn it on at the other end, and ilows of gas and air are automaticallyreversed. Suitable valves, as 56 (Fig. 8), may be supplied exteriorly of the oven to controlthe now-of gas into the nozzles 4l.

While this construction and method are ticularly designed for use with rich gas, Ythey can also be used with producer and other lean gases par? tile units 30, and in Fig. 3 is shown a preferred arrangement of such tile umts in the regenerator chambers. The tile plate 30A nearest the inlet end of the regenerators extends into the upper 'wall or partition of the regenerator chamber' (Fig. 3) and the tile 30B furthest from the inlet 'end of the regenerator contacts the lower wall or partition in such regenerator chamber. A series of spaced intermediate tiles 30C are arranged substantially as shown in Figs. 3 and 6 with their extremities progressively differing in heights. This arrangement enables the passage of incoming air and/or gas in wave-like movements in a substantially horizontal stream, while dividing the streams to provide contact with a. large surface area of tile within the regenerator chambers.-

The gas and air in passing to the combustion zone are heated While rising to the top of the tile umts in small streams, then pass from top of one tile unit to the bottom of the next tile unit with only'side walls controlling the passage from top to bottom. Thus most of the heating is done on the up-passage and there will be no channeling on the down-passage since there is only one channel through which the air or gas must go.

The present construction is practical for use with present-day refractories, silica of a, thickness of at least 2 in. being utilized in the hotter zones and nre-clay brick or tile in the cooler zones. With the available height for a horizontal iiue about 2 ft., and the temperature differential between inlet and outlet of 900 C. required, a regenerator 15 ft. long and having 15 up-passes through multi-walled tile units 3l) would be arranged so that only a diierence of 60 C. temperature is needed between the top and bottom of each pass. With the horizontal partitions dividing the upper regenerator chambers 22B and 22C from the lower regenerator chambers 22A and 22D substantially midway between top and bottom of the regenerators, approximately 1 ft. is permitted for up and down travel ofthe incoming air and gases. and with this space it is possible to keep the temperature diierentials well within the insulating properties of thek 2 in. horizontal partitions. Y While for purposes of illustration I have disclosed the use in each regenerator of a series of multi-walled tile units, it will of course be understood that a series of spaced slabs could be arranged similarly and used in lieu thereof.

Fire-clay slabs B0 (Fig. 3) are used in the horizontal partitions in the cooler zones of the regenerator. These should be used up to where the average temperature is between 50o-600 C. The side walls and the horizontal partitions'in the hotter zones of the regenerator will be made of silica. Expansion joints, as 62 (Fig. 5), may be suitably arranged in the vertical walls and to take care of the expansion in the horizontal partitions. In the cooler zones of the regenerator stainless steel sheets, as 64, may be arranged ln the horizontal partitions between the lire-clay slabs.

As best illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4 I have also built into the walls of the combustion flues 20 a vertical reinforcing by use of spaced integral ribs 60. These ribs aid in supporting the thrust of the coal charge in the coking chambers I2, Il. In the larger ovens. the weight of the coal charges mayrunashighas25to30tons. v

In operation. the coking ovens are charged at the top and the coke falls by gravity into suitable discharging apparatus (not shown). The coking chambers are heated from the combustion fiues 2l, which may use either rich gas as hereinbei'ore described or any suitable lean gas, such as oven.

blue, producer, blast furnace gas or the like. It would also be possible to provide for steaming of the coke near the end of the coking period, for the additional production of gas, and thereby eliminate the necessityL for a producer gas plant. with consequent savings in capital and labor costs.

Various controls (not shown) of conventional nature are provided for admitting the combustibles into the regenerators and no description of this phase of the coking oven is believed necessary. On reversal, which may occur periodically every fteen minutes or thereabouts, the air and gases merely ilow in the opposite direction. and the waste products pass through the tile units in the regenerator chambers which had previously been used for inlet or combustibles. Such waste products are discharged through conduits (not shown) leading to collecting mains or stacks in the usual manner.

The simplicity of my improved coke oven will beA apparent, and the control of air and any desiredgas directly into individual regenerators at the opposite ends of each combustion ilue provides a construction capable of accurate control with ready variation whenever. desiredto meet changes in the heating capacity of the diierent gases. etc.

I claim:

1. In a regenerative vertical coke oven having a plurality of spaced vertical coking chambers, a plurality of superimposed horizontal combustion ilues on both sides of each coking chamber, each combustion nue being independent, and regenerators at each end of each combustion ilue, extending substantially the full height oi' said flue and divided into four sections for separately heating primary and secondary air and gas combustibles for use in the combustion chamber.

2. A regenerative vertical coke oven comprising a plurality of spaced vertical coking chambers. a plurality of independent parallel superimposed horizontal combustion iiues on both sides of each coking chamber, parallelv ducts interposed between horizontally adJacent combustion tlues communicating with the latter at points spaced from the ends thereof, and horizontal regenerator units in augment with each combustion iiue at opposite ends thereof, respectively, each regenerator unit being divided into parallel sections separately communicating with its respective combustion ilue and an adjacentxduct, the

heating surfaces in each regenerate section being arranged to cause the iluid troduced therein to flow across the same in a successive series of parallel vertical paths.

3. The arrangement describedr in claim 2 wherein means are provided for separately introducing fluid into each of said sections.

4. A regenerative vertical coke oven comprising 'a plurality of spaced vertical coking chambers, a plurality of independent parallel superimposed horizontal combustion flues on both sides of each coking chamber, a pair of parallel ducts interposed between horizontally adjacent combustion ues each communicating with the latter 1 at points spaced from the ends thereof, and horiz ntal regenerator units in alignment with each combustion flue at opposite ends thereof, respectively, each regenerator unit being divided into parallel sections separately communicating with its respective combustion ilue and said du'cts at separate outlets.'the heating surfaces in each regenerator section being arranged to cause the iluid introduced therein to now across the same in a successive series of parallel paths. Y

5. The arrangement described in claim 4 wherein `means are provided for separately introducing fluid into each of said sections.

GRADY PADGETI.

REFERENCES CITED file of this patent:

Number Number 8 UNITED STATES PAmTB Name nate Hohmann Hay 28, 1912 Ochmann u 8, 1818i Otto Aug. 12, 19M Petsch Aug. 5, 1930 Otto Har. 19, 1840 Puening Apr. 8, 1041 otto Apr. n, 1944 FOREIGN PATINTB Country Date Great Britain Har. 9, i043 Germany Sept. 0, i829 

